The Sierra Madre mountain range is located primarily in two countries: the Philippines and Mexico. In the Philippines, the Sierra Madre is the longest mountain range, running from the province of Cagayan in the north to the province of Quezon in the south on the island of Luzon. It spans across about 540 kilometers and serves as a natural barrier against typhoons and a rich biodiversity area.

In Mexico, the Sierra Madre refers to a system of mountain ranges including the Sierra Madre Occidental (western range), Sierra Madre Oriental (eastern range), and Sierra Madre del Sur (southern range). These mountain ranges span across various states of Mexico, forming significant geographical and ecological regions.

Therefore, "Sierra Madre" can refer to mountain ranges in either the Philippines or Mexico depending on the context.