Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution describes expressed powers of Congress. The section enumerates the specific capabilities granted to Congress, such as taxing, borrowing money, regulating commerce, coinage, establishing and maintaining the postal service, raising and supporting armies and navies, declaring war, and establishing naturalization and immigration policies, among others. These powers are stated explicitly in the text, making them the core “expressed” (enumerated) powers of Congress.

If you’d like, I can provide a concise list of the key expressed powers with brief descriptions and show how critics sometimes contrast them with implied powers under the Necessary and Proper Clause.