The charged particles that can be transferred between certain materials when they are rubbed together are electrons. This process is known as the triboelectric effect or charging by friction. When two materials rub against each other, electrons may be transferred from one material to the other. The material that gains electrons becomes negatively charged, while the material that loses electrons becomes positively charged. The transfer occurs because different materials have varying affinities for electrons, and the rubbing action provides the energy needed for electrons to move from one surface to the other. This phenomenon commonly happens between insulating materials such as rubber and fur or plastic and cloth and is responsible for static electricity.

In summary, electrons are the charged particles transferred during rubbing of materials, causing one to have a surplus (negative charge) and the other a deficit (positive charge) of electrons.