This scenario exemplifies psychological dependence on cigarettes. Tariq uses cigarettes to relieve stress, indicating a psychological reliance on smoking as a coping mechanism. However, because he smokes infrequently and does not experience significant physical symptoms when not smoking, he does not show signs of physical dependence or withdrawal. Psychological dependence involves habits, emotional triggers, and the belief that smoking provides relief or pleasure, even if physical addiction symptoms are minimal or absent

. In contrast, physical dependence on nicotine typically involves noticeable withdrawal symptoms when not smoking, such as irritability, anxiety, and cravings, which Tariq does not experience

. Therefore, Tariq’s case highlights how smoking can be maintained primarily by psychological factors rather than physical addiction.