The law that explains how alleles separate during gamete formation is Mendel's Law of Segregation. This law states that during the formation of gametes (eggs and sperm), the two alleles for each gene in a diploid organism separate (segregate) so that each gamete carries only one allele for each gene. This segregation happens randomly, meaning half of the gametes will carry one allele and the other half will carry the other allele

. The physical basis for this law is the process of meiosis, where homologous chromosomes (each carrying different alleles) separate into different gametes. Thus, each gamete receives only one allele of a gene pair. When fertilization occurs, offspring inherit one allele from each parent, restoring the pair of alleles

. In summary:

• Each organism has two alleles for each trait.
• During gamete formation, these alleles separate so each gamete contains only one allele.
• This segregation is random and equal, ensuring genetic variation.
• Fertilization reunites alleles from two parents, determining the offspring's genotype and phenotype.

This law is fundamental to understanding inheritance patterns and explains why offspring show traits from both parents but are not exact copies