The nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi complex are examples of membrane-bound organelles found in eukaryotic cells. These organelles are enclosed by lipid membranes that separate their internal environment from the cytoplasm, allowing them to carry out specialized functions within the cell.

• Nucleus : Stores genetic information (DNA) and controls cellular activities

• Mitochondria : Generate energy for the cell through cellular respiration and have their own DNA

• Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) : Comes in two forms-rough ER (with ribosomes) synthesizes proteins for secretion or membrane insertion, and smooth ER synthesizes lipids and detoxifies substances

• Golgi Complex (Golgi Apparatus) : Modifies, sorts, and ships proteins received from the ER to their destinations inside or outside the cell

These organelles are distinct from non-membrane-bound organelles like ribosomes, which lack a surrounding membrane but also perform essential cellular functions

. The membrane-bound nature of the nucleus, mitochondria, ER, and Golgi apparatus allows compartmentalization of biochemical processes critical for cell function and organization.