To focus on an event causing stress with the intention to change or improve the situation is called problem-focused coping. This type of coping involves directly addressing the source of stress in an active and constructive way to reduce or eliminate it. For example, if someone is stressed about an upcoming exam, they might study more to reduce the anxiety caused by the test. Similarly, problem-focused coping can include planning, problem-solving, seeking advice, or taking concrete steps to alter the stressful circumstances

. This approach contrasts with emotion-focused coping, which aims to manage the emotional response rather than the stressor itself, often used when the situation cannot be changed. Problem-focused coping is most effective when the individual has some control over the stressor and can take action to modify it