Toothpaste is a cosmetic product that is regulated by manufacturers to ensure that the products they sell are safe for use and labeled properly. The American Dental Association (ADA) provides additional guidance and recommendations for toothpaste, mouthwashes, and more. All toothpastes with the ADA Seal of Acceptance must contain fluoride, which helps prevent cavities by strengthening tooth enamel and inhibiting bacterial growth that can harm teeth and gums. Toothpastes may also contain other ingredients that improve oral health, such as lessening tooth sensitivity, reducing gingivitis or tartar build-up, or preventing enamel erosion. Some toothpastes may also have cosmetic effects, such as whitening teeth or improving bad breath.

The main components of toothpastes and mouthwashes include:

• Active ingredients: These are therapeutic agents that are supposed to have a positive effect on oral health. Examples include fluoride, which helps prevent cavities, and chlorhexidine, which is effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

• Colour-substances: These are added to toothpastes and mouthwashes to give them an attractive appearance. Titanium dioxide is often added to toothpastes to give them a white color.

• Preservatives: These are added to toothpastes and mouthwashes to prevent the growth of microorganisms that can cause spoilage or contamination.

• Abrasive agents: These help clean the teeth and remove surface stains. Examples include modified silica abrasives and enzymes.

• Flavoring agents: These are added to toothpastes and mouthwashes to improve their taste and smell. Flavoring agents that cause or contribute to tooth decay, such as sugar, are not allowed in any ADA-Accepted toothpaste.

Some toothpastes may contain controversial ingredients, such as charcoal, which is mildly abrasive and can absorb surface stains to some degree. However, charcoal toothpaste may also wear down tooth enamel, cause tooth sensitivity, and stain older teeth and dental restorations.

In summary, toothpaste is a cosmetic product that contains active ingredients, color-substances, preservatives, abrasive agents, and flavoring agents. The American Dental Association provides guidance and recommendations for toothpaste, and all toothpastes with the ADA Seal of Acceptance must contain fluoride. Some toothpastes may also have cosmetic effects, such as whitening teeth or improving bad breath.