The freedom of speech is protected by the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. This amendment was adopted on December 15, 1791, as part of the Bill of Rights. The First Amendment prevents Congress from making laws that abridge the freedom of speech, the freedom of the press, the right to peaceably assemble, and the right to petition the government for redress of grievances. The exact text regarding speech in the First Amendment is:
"Congress shall make no law... abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances." This amendment broadly protects the right to express opinions without government censorship or restraint, covering both what people say and how they express themselves. It applies against government restrictions but does not apply to private entities. The Supreme Court has recognized many protections and exceptions under this amendment over the years, ensuring robust freedom of expression especially on public matters. In summary, freedom of speech in the U.S. is primarily guaranteed by the First Amendment. It is a fundamental right that underpins free government and society by restricting government interference with expression.