Tonsils and adenoids are parts of the immune system that help protect the body from disease by trapping bacteria and viruses that enter through the mouth or nose. Tonsils are the two round lumps in the back of the throat, while adenoids are high in the throat behind the nose and the roof of the mouth. They are not visible through the mouth or nose without special instruments.

Enlarged tonsils and adenoids can cause problems by being too large, infected, or swollen. The two most common problems of the tonsils and adenoids are caused by infection. Tonsil swelling can block the airway, or a person can experience repeated bacterial infections. These infections can contribute to breathing problems, nasal obstruction, and swallowing difficulties, and sleep problems.

Enlarged adenoids can cause frequent or chronic nose or sinus infections, ear infections, middle ear fluid, and hearing loss. Adenoid tissue sometimes temporarily swells as it tries to fight an infection, and allergies can also make them get bigger. If adenoids get infected a lot, a doctor might recommend removing them. Often, tonsils and adenoids are surgically removed at the same time.

In summary, tonsils and adenoids are parts of the immune system that help protect the body from disease. Enlarged tonsils and adenoids can cause problems by being too large, infected, or swollen, and may need to be removed in some cases.