Anal glands in dogs are two small sacs located on either side of the dog's anus. These glands produce a foul-smelling fluid that is normally released through a small duct when the dog passes a bowel movement. The fluid serves as a territorial marker and a "calling card" for other dogs, containing a unique scent signature. In wild dogs, anal gland secretions are used to mark territory, but even domestic dogs retain this function. The glands are not essential to the dog's health but can cause problems if they become blocked, impacted, or infected. Common issues include discomfort, scooting (dragging their rear on the ground), excessive licking of the anal area, infections, abscesses, or in severe cases, ruptured abscesses. The glands may also be expressed involuntarily when dogs are scared or stressed. The fluid released helps other dogs identify each other’s identity, hormonal status, and other information. While both male and female dogs have these glands, problems with anal glands can occur in any dog and may require veterinary attention if symptoms appear. In summary, anal glands are scent glands used primarily for communication and marking territory, located near the anus and capable of causing discomfort if they malfunction.