Analgesics, also known as painkillers or pain relievers, are medications that relieve different types of pain, from headaches to injuries to arthritis. They work by reducing inflammation or changing the way the brain processes and perceives pain. There are three main types of analgesics:

• Non-opioid analgesics: This group includes acetaminophen and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen, aspirin, naproxen, diclofenac, and indomethacin.

• Opioid analgesics: These drugs work by changing the brains perception of pain. Examples include morphine, codeine, oxycodone, and hydrocodone.

• Compound analgesics: These medications contain a non-opioid along with an opioid, such as low-strength codeine. Examples include co-codamol and co-dydramol.

Analgesics can be bought over the counter or require a prescription from a healthcare provider. They are used to alleviate many types of pain, including postsurgical pain, acute pain, and chronic pain. However, they do not address the underlying cause of the pain. Analgesics can have side effects, such as heartburn, nausea, and potential for accidental overdoses. It is important to use them carefully and follow instructions on the label or from a healthcare provider.