Benzodiazepines are a type of sedative medication that slow down the body and brains functions. They are commonly prescribed by doctors to relieve stress, anxiety, and to help people sleep. Benzodiazepines are classified as controlled substances in many countries, including the U.S., which means that a prescription is required to obtain them. The most common benzodiazepines approved in the United States include Valium®, Xanax®, Halcion®, Ativan®, and Klonopin®. Some of the conditions that benzodiazepines are used to treat include:

• Anxiety disorders
• Panic disorder
• Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
• Seizures
• Insomnia
• Pre-surgery anxiety
• Pre-anesthesia sedation
• Alcohol withdrawal
• Epilepsy

Benzodiazepines work by increasing the effects of a natural chemical called gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) on the brain and body. This chemical reduces the activity in the areas of the brain responsible for reasoning, memory, emotions, and essential functions such as breathing. The effects of benzodiazepines can include reduced stress, euphoria, reduced anxiety, and muscle relaxation. However, benzodiazepines can also cause dependence (addiction) and withdrawal symptoms, even after only using them for a short period. Therefore, they are not the first option for the treatment of insomnia, anxiety, or other health concerns.