Comedones are a type of acne characterized by small bumps on the skin that give it a rough texture. They are found at the opening of skin pores and can be either flesh-colored, white, or dark. Comedones are classified as open or closed based on whether the surface is disrupted (open) or intact (closed) . The different types of comedones include:

• Open comedones: These are blackheads and are black because of surface pigment (melanin), rather than dirt.
• Closed comedones: These are whiteheads and the follicle is completely blocked.

Other types of comedones include microcomedones, macrocomedones, giant comedones, and solar comedones.

Comedones form when excess oil and dead skin cells block the oil-producing glands in the skin, causing the affected pores to bulge outward and creating the bumps. Several factors can contribute to the development of comedonal acne, including skin irritation from contact with oils, dyes, and similar products. A skin care routine designed to reduce comedones may involve washing the face twice daily with a mild soap and lukewarm water to avoid irritation, refraining from using skin or hair care products that contain oil, and applying a prescription or over-the-counter topical medication daily.