Cortisol is a steroid hormone produced and released by the adrenal glands. It is a glucocorticoid hormone that affects nearly every organ system in the body, including the nervous, immune, cardiovascular, respiratory, reproductive, musculoskeletal, and integumentary systems. Cortisol plays an important role in regulating metabolism, the inflammatory response, and immune function. It is also known as the bodys main stress hormone and is released in response to stress.

The level of cortisol in the blood, urine, and saliva normally peaks in the early morning and declines throughout the day, reaching its lowest level around midnight. However, this pattern can change if you work a night shift and sleep at different times of the day. For most tests that measure cortisol levels in your blood, the normal ranges are:

• 6 a.m. to 8 a.m.: 10 to 20 micrograms per deciliter (mcg/dL)
• Around 4 p.m.: 3 to 10 mcg/dL

Abnormal cortisol levels can be caused by long-term use of steroids (glucocorticoid medicines), such as those taken to control asthma, autoimmune diseases, or inflammation. If cortisol levels are too high or too low, it may indicate a condition that needs treatment.

Here are some ways to regulate cortisol levels:

• Exercise: Regular exercise can help reduce cortisol levels.
• Relaxation techniques: Techniques such as deep breathing, meditation, and yoga can help reduce stress and lower cortisol levels.
• Sleep: Getting enough sleep is important for regulating cortisol levels.
• Social support: Having a strong social support system can help reduce stress and lower cortisol levels.
• Laughter: Laughing promotes the release of endorphins and suppresses cortisol. Participating in hobbies and fun activities can also promote feelings of well-being, which may lower cortisol levels.