Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs that develop on or inside an ovary. They are common and usually harmless, and most of the time, you have little or no discomfort, and the cysts are harmless. Most cysts go away without treatment within a few months. However, sometimes ovarian cysts can become twisted or burst open, causing serious symptoms.

There are different types of ovarian cysts, but the most common type is the functional cyst, which forms as a result of ovulation. There are two types of functional cysts: follicle cysts and corpus luteum cysts. Follicle cysts form when ovulation doesnt occur, and a follicle doesnt rupture or release its egg but instead grows until it becomes a cyst. Corpus luteum cysts form when the follicle releases its egg but then reseals and fills with fluid.

Other types of cysts are much less common and can be caused by an underlying condition, such as endometriosis. Some of these cysts can be cancerous.

Most ovarian cysts cause no symptoms and go away on their own. However, a large ovarian cyst can cause pelvic pain, pain during sex, difficulty emptying your bowels, a frequent need to urinate, heavy periods, irregular periods, lighter periods than normal, bloating, and a swollen tummy. If you experience any of these symptoms, it is important to see a doctor.

Ultrasound is the primary tool used to diagnose ovarian cysts. Treatment options depend on the type of cyst, its size, and whether it is causing symptoms. Functional cysts generally shrink over time, usually within 60 days, without specific treatment. However, some ovarian cysts need surgery, especially if they are large, don’t go away, or cause symptoms.