Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are obtained from early-stage embryos, which are a group of cells that forms when eggs are fertilized with sperm at an in vitro fertilization clinic. ESCs are pluripotent, meaning they have the potential to develop into all types of cells. Scientists have been working on producing pluripotent stem cells from other cells to avoid the use of actual embryos, and one way to do this is by reprogramming mature cells to turn them back into stem cells.

ESCs offer promising opportunities, such as the possibility of growing organs in the lab, but their production requires human embryos, which involves many technical and ethical problems. Research involving human ESCs is at the center of the ethical debate about stem cell use and potential in regenerative medicine.

Embryonic stem cells can be injected, implanted, or transplanted into a person to repair dysfunctional, diseased, or injured tissue. During an embryonic stem cell injection procedure, stem cells are first developed into specific adult cell types, which are then used to restore tissue that is damaged due to injury or disease. This type of stem cell injection treatment could be utilized to produce insulin to treat patients with diabetes, produce healthy heart muscle cells after a heart attack, replace neurons damaged by Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, spinal cord injury, or stroke, and more.

In summary, embryonic stem cells are used for research purposes to better understand and treat diseases, and they offer promising opportunities for regenerative medicine. They can be used to produce insulin, healthy heart muscle cells, and replace neurons damaged by various diseases. However, their production requires human embryos, which raises ethical concerns.