An ETF, or exchange-traded fund, is an investment fund that holds a collection of assets such as stocks, bonds, or commodities, and is traded on stock exchanges like an individual stock

. It essentially pools together a basket of securities, allowing investors to buy shares of the fund, which in turn owns the underlying assets

. ETFs are designed to track the performance of an underlying index or asset, such as a stock market index (e.g., S&P 500), a commodity, or a specific sector

. They provide diversification by spreading investment across many securities, reducing risk compared to buying individual stocks

. Key features of ETFs include:

• Trading Flexibility: ETFs can be bought and sold throughout the trading day at market-determined prices, unlike mutual funds which trade only once at the end of the day

• Low Costs: ETFs generally have lower expense ratios and fewer brokerage commissions than buying stocks individually or investing in actively managed mutual funds

• Transparency: ETFs typically publish their holdings daily, offering investors clear insight into what they own

• Tax Efficiency: ETFs are often more tax efficient than mutual funds due to their structure and trading mechanisms

• Diversification: By owning an ETF, investors gain exposure to a broad range of assets or sectors with a single purchase

In summary, ETFs combine the diversification benefits of mutual funds with the trading flexibility of stocks, making them a popular, cost-effective way to invest in a wide variety of asset classes