GLP-1 medications, also called GLP-1 receptor agonists, are a class of drugs primarily used to treat type 2 diabetes and obesity. They mimic the action of the natural hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), which is released in the gut after eating. GLP-1 medications work by stimulating the pancreas to release insulin, suppressing glucagon release, slowing gastric emptying, and helping control appetite and food intake. This leads to improved blood sugar regulation and often significant weight loss. These medications are used to:

• Manage type 2 diabetes by improving glucose control and reducing the risk of cardiovascular events.
• Support weight loss, especially in individuals who are obese or overweight with related health conditions.
• Reduce the risk of heart disease in some patients.

Typical GLP-1 drugs include liraglutide, semaglutide, dulaglutide, exenatide, and tirzepatide. They are usually administered by injection, although semaglutide is also available in oral form. While initially developed for diabetes treatment, many GLP-1 medications have also been approved for weight management and cardiovascular risk reduction. GLP-1 medications are recommended alongside lifestyle modifications like diet and exercise and are particularly useful for patients who cannot meet blood sugar goals with other medications or who have additional health risks such as obesity or heart disease. In summary, GLP-1 medications help regulate blood sugar, reduce appetite, promote weight loss, and protect cardiovascular health in patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity-related conditions. They represent a significant advancement in the treatment of these metabolic disorders.