Micronutrients are essential dietary elements required by organisms in varying quantities throughout life to maintain health. They are vitamins and minerals needed by the body in very small amounts, but their impact on the bodys health is critical, and deficiency in any of them can cause severe and even life-threatening health conditions. Micronutrient requirements vary among organisms, and humans and other animals require several elements, including minerals, which are inorganic compounds, and vitamins, which are organic compounds required in microgram or milligram amounts. Since plants are the primary origin of nutrients for humans and animals, some micronutrients may be in low levels, and deficiencies can occur when dietary intake is insufficient, as occurs in malnutrition.

Micronutrient deficiencies can cause visible and dangerous health conditions, but they can also lead to less clinically notable reductions in energy level, mental clarity, and overall capacity. This can lead to reduced educational outcomes, reduced work productivity, and increased risk from other diseases and health conditions. Anemia is a common health condition caused by a lack of iron, folate, and vitamins B12 and A, which can lead to fatigue, weakness, shortage of breath, and dizziness.

To prevent micronutrient deficiencies, nutrition education and consumption of a healthy diet containing diverse foods, as well as food fortification and supplementation, where needed, are recommended. Many prepared foods, such as cereals and baked goods, are fortified with nutrients, and a well-rounded diet with plenty of fruits, vegetables, legumes, whole grains, and lean sources of protein, along with healthy fats, such as nuts and olive oil, is the best way to get vitamins and minerals.