Midterm elections in the United States are general elections held midway through a president's four-year term, typically on the Tuesday after the first Monday in November

. These elections determine the makeup of Congress, with all 435 seats in the House of Representatives and about one-third (33 or 34) of the 100 Senate seats up for election

. Additionally, 36 states hold gubernatorial elections during midterms, along with various state and local offices

. Midterm elections are significant because they can shift the balance of power in Congress, affecting the president's ability to enact policies. Historically, the president's party often loses seats in these elections, which can lead to divided government and legislative gridlock

. Voter turnout is generally lower in midterms than in presidential elections, averaging around 40% compared to 50–60% in presidential years

. In summary, midterm elections serve as a critical political checkpoint halfway through a presidential term, influencing the legislative landscape and the president's remaining time in office without involving a presidential vote