what are monocytes

what are monocytes

5 days ago 10
Nature

Monocytes are a type of white blood cell (leukocyte) that plays a critical role in the immune system. They are the largest type of leukocyte in the blood and make up about 2% to 10% of all leukocytes in the human body. Monocytes are produced in the bone marrow and circulate in the bloodstream for about one to three days before migrating into tissues throughout the body. In the tissues, monocytes differentiate into macrophages and dendritic cells, which are essential for immune defense. Macrophages are highly phagocytic cells that engulf and destroy pathogens, dead cells, and other debris. Dendritic cells are important for antigen presentation and activating other immune cells. Monocytes serve several main functions:

  • Phagocytosis: They engulf and digest microbes and particles.
  • Antigen presentation: They help activate other immune cells by presenting pieces of pathogens.
  • Cytokine production: They produce signaling proteins that regulate the immune response and inflammation.

They also play a role in tissue repair and remodeling. Monocytes can patrol the body for pathogens and orchestrate immune responses during infections. Subsets of monocytes have distinct roles and surface markers, such as CD14 and CD16. In summary, monocytes are front-line immune cells that attack pathogens directly, call for backup from other immune cells, and help maintain tissue health.

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