Colon polyps are small growths on the inner lining of the colon or rectum. They are clusters or masses of abnormal cells that can have a variety of shapes and be flat, slightly raised, or on a stalk. There are different microscopic types of polyps, and the adenomas or sessile serrated polyps can eventually grow over time and become cancer. Most colon polyps are harmless, but over time, some can develop into colon cancer.

The exact cause of colon polyps is unknown, but certain factors may increase a persons risk of developing them, including older age, genetics or hereditary issues, smoking, excess alcohol ingestion, and lack of exercise. Polyps are found in about 30% of the adult population over the age of 45-50, and men and women of all ethnicities are at risk of colon polyps and colon cancer.

Most colon polyps and early, curable colorectal cancer do not have any symptoms, which is why screening is recommended. However, when symptoms do occur, they may include abdominal pain, blood in the stool, and a change in bowel habits that lasts longer than a week.

It is important to be screened regularly for polyps if you are age 50 or older or have a higher risk of colon cancer due to other factors. Undergoing colorectal cancer screening and removal of polyps can decrease the risk of developing colorectal cancer.