Sex hormones, also known as sex steroids, gonadal steroids, and gonadocorticoids, are steroid-based hormones that interact with vertebrate steroid hormone receptors. They are responsible for carrying messages between organs and cells, ultimately keeping the body balanced and functioning optimally. The main classes of sex hormones are androgens, estrogens, and progestogens.

• Androgens: These are considered "male sex hormones" since they have masculinizing effects. Testosterone is the most important androgen and is primarily produced in the testes, ovaries in women, and adrenal glands. It maintains healthy muscle mass, stamina, and strength, supports libido, energy levels, memory, and overall well-being. It also contributes to men having deep voices, facial hair, and broader shoulders.

• Estrogens: These are considered "female sex hormones" although both men and women have them. The most important human derivative is estradiol, which is produced mostly in the ovaries and adrenal glands. Estrogen is a pro-growth hormone, and its main function in the body is growth and development. It stimulates fat cells to grow and is a key component in reproduction.

• Progestogens: These are distinct from androgens and estrogens and are responsible for preparing the uterus for pregnancy. Progesterone is the most important and only naturally occurring human progestogen.

Sex hormones are produced by the gonads (ovaries or testes), adrenal glands, or by conversion from other sex steroids in other tissue such as liver or fat. They play a vital role in sexual development, reproduction, and general health. Hormone levels change over time, but some of the most significant changes happen during puberty, pregnancy, and menopause.