Shin splints, also known as medial tibial stress syndrome, refer to pain and tenderness along or just behind the large bone in the lower leg (the tibia) . They are caused by repetitive stress on the shinbone and the connective tissues that attach muscles to the bone. Shin splints often occur in athletes who have recently intensified or changed their training routines, as the increased activity overworks the muscles, tendons, and bone tissue. Some common symptoms of shin splints include pain felt on the front and outside of the shin, which is first felt when the heel touches the ground during running, and swelling and tenderness of the shinbone.

Most cases of shin splints can be treated with rest, ice, and other self-care measures. Wearing proper footwear and modifying your exercise routine can help prevent shin splints from recurring. Other treatments may include stretching and strengthening exercises, cold packs, and medicine such as ibuprofen. In general, shin splints develop when the muscle and bone tissue in the leg become overworked by repetitive activity, and they often occur after sudden changes in physical activity. Some factors that contribute to shin splints include having flat feet or abnormally rigid arches, exercising with improper or worn-out footwear, and poor form while running.

To help prevent shin splints, you can analyze your movement, avoid overdoing it, wear shoes designed for your sport, slowly build your fitness level, and cross-train. If you experience persistent or severe pain, it is important to see a doctor for proper diagnosis and treatment.