Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are infections that are spread predominantly by unprotected sexual contact. Some STIs can also be transmitted during pregnancy, childbirth, and breastfeeding, and through infected blood or blood products). The majority of STIs have no symptoms, and when they are present, common symptoms of STIs include vaginal or urethral discharge, genital ulcer, and lower abdominal pain. The most common and curable STIs are trichomonas, chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis. Rapidly increasing antimicrobial resistance is a growing threat for untreatable gonorrhea. Other STIs are incurable viral infections, such as hepatitis B, herpes simplex virus (HSV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and human papillomavirus (HPV) ).

STIs have a profound impact on sexual and reproductive health worldwide). People seeking screening and treatment for STIs face numerous problems, including limited resources, stigmatization, poor quality of services, and often out-of-pocket expenses). Some populations with the highest rates of STIs, such as sex workers, men who have sex with men, adolescents in some settings, and pregnant women, are particularly vulnerable).

Correct usage of latex condoms greatly reduces, but does not completely eliminate, the risk of catching or spreading STIs. Screening with early diagnosis of people with STIs and their sexual partners offers the best opportunity for effective treatment and for preventing complications and further transmission. If you have an STI, it’s important to visit a healthcare provider to receive treatment. Some STIs are curable. You can prevent the spread of STIs by getting tested regularly if you’re sexually active, talking to your sexual partners about your sexual history, and using condoms correctly and consistently.