Textual aids are tools or materials that provide support and facilitate understanding of texts. They can be used in various educational settings to help students comprehend and analyze information more effectively. Some common types of textual aids include:

• Advanced organizers: These aids emphasize the connection between different concepts and are often used to introduce new topics or provide an overview of a text. They can be applied to all subject areas and help students understand the main ideas and relationships between different pieces of information.

• Sequence charts: These charts show a series of events in order and are useful for understanding concepts that have steps or a specific order. They help students visualize the progression of events and can be used to analyze cause and effect relationships.

• Comparison charts: These aids are used to identify, classify, categorize, and recognize similarities and differences between two or more subjects, ideas, thoughts, or concepts. They are commonly found in handouts, textbooks, and even standardized examinations.

• Graphs and diagrams: These visual representations of data or information help students understand complex concepts more easily. They can be used to analyze trends, relationships, and patterns in the data and are often found in science, math, and social studies materials.

• Text features: These include headings, subheadings, bold or italicized text, and bullet points, among others. Text features help students navigate through a text, locate information quickly, and identify the main topics and supporting details.

• Glossaries and indexes: Glossaries provide definitions for key terms, while indexes help students locate specific information within a book. These aids are particularly useful for students who are unfamiliar with the vocabulary used in a text or who need to find information quickly.