The five health-related components of physical fitness are:

1. Cardiorespiratory endurance: This refers to the ability of the heart and lungs to work together to provide oxygen and energy to the body for sustained physical activity. It is improved through regular physical activity that increases an individual’s heart and respiratory rates, such as walking, running, dancing, or cycling.

2. Muscular strength: This is the "power" that helps you lift and carry heavy objects. It is increased by training with heavy weights, working in the 4-6 or 12-15 rep ranges.

3. Muscular endurance: This is the ability of your muscles to perform contractions for extended periods of time. It is increased by training with light weights, working in the 20-25 rep range.

4. Flexibility: This is the ability to move your joints through a full range of motion. It can be improved through stretching exercises.

5. Body composition: This refers to the relative amount of fat mass to fat-free mass in the body. A well-balanced exercise program should include activities that address all of the health-related components of fitness to achieve a healthy body composition.

It is important to note that these five components are interrelated and a well-rounded exercise program should include activities that address all of them.