Common characteristics of religion include the following key elements:

• Belief in a Higher Power or Supernatural Reality: Religions typically involve faith in a supreme being, gods, or supernatural forces. This can be monotheistic (one God), polytheistic (multiple gods), or spiritual beliefs without a specific deity, such as some forms of Buddhism

• Sacred Teachings and Texts: Religions have sacred scriptures, oral traditions, or myths that convey fundamental truths about life, the universe, and the divine. These teachings guide followers' beliefs and practices

• Rituals and Ceremonies: Religious rituals mark important life events (birth, marriage, death) and regular worship practices. These include prayers, fasting, sacraments, and rites that symbolize and reinforce faith

• Moral and Ethical Guidelines: Religions provide codes of conduct and values such as compassion, honesty, kindness, and justice, which guide adherents' behavior and social interactions

• Community and Social Organization: Religions foster a sense of belonging through organized communities, including churches, sects, or other groups. These social structures support collective worship and shared identity

• Symbols and Sacred Objects: Religions use symbols (cross, crescent, sacred animals) and objects (holy books, temples) that hold special religious meaning and help express beliefs

• Emotional and Spiritual Experience: Religion often involves emotional responses like hope, reverence, and humility, and provides spiritual experiences that connect individuals to the divine or ultimate reality

• Addressing Existential Questions: Religions offer explanations for fundamental human questions about life, death, purpose, and the nature of existence

These characteristics collectively define religion as a multifaceted institution that shapes personal beliefs, cultural traditions, and social values, providing meaning, moral guidance, and community cohesion across diverse societies