The five themes of geography are:

1. Location – This theme identifies where a place is on Earth. It can be described as:
   • Absolute location : The exact coordinates using latitude and longitude.
   • Relative location : The position of a place in relation to other places or landmarks

2. Place – This theme describes the physical and human characteristics that make a location unique. Physical characteristics include landforms, climate, and vegetation, while human characteristics involve cultural elements, language, and economic activities

3. Region – A region is an area defined by certain unifying characteristics, which can be physical, cultural, political, or economic. Regions help group places that share similar traits

4. Movement – This theme examines how people, goods, ideas, and information move from one location to another, influencing cultural exchange, migration, and economic activity

5. Human-Environment Interaction – This theme explores how humans adapt to, modify, and depend on their environment, including both the positive and negative impacts of human activity on the natural world

These five themes were developed in 1984 to provide a clear framework for understanding geography, making it easier to study the relationships between people, places, and environments comprehensively