The forces present on a rope primarily include:

• Tension Force: This is the pulling force that acts along the length of the rope when it is stretched. Tension is a contact force that pulls equally on the objects at both ends of the rope, transmitting force through the rope without pushing. It acts to keep the rope taut and is directed along the rope's length

• Gravitational Force: If the rope has mass, its weight due to gravity acts downward along its length. This force contributes to the tension distribution along the rope, with tension typically being highest at the point where the rope is supported and decreasing along its length toward the free end

• Forces at the Ends: At the points where the rope is attached or held, external forces act on the rope. For example, if a rope is holding a weight, the tension at the top equals the weight's force. If people pull on either end, the rope experiences equal and opposite pulling forces that create tension within it

• Internal Forces: Within the rope, there are pairs of equal and opposite forces acting between adjacent segments of the rope, maintaining its integrity and transmitting tension along its length

• Balance Forces: When the rope is in equilibrium (not accelerating), the forces acting on it balance out, resulting in no net force on the rope as a whole. This balance includes the tension forces and any external forces like gravity or applied pulls

In summary, the main forces on a rope are the tension force along its length, gravitational force if the rope has mass, and external pulling or supporting forces at its ends. These forces interact to maintain the rope's tension and equilibrium