The forces that act on a ball depend on the context, but generally include the following:

• Weight (Gravitational Force): This force acts vertically downward due to gravity and is equal to the mass of the ball times the acceleration due to gravity (mg)

• Normal Force: When the ball is in contact with a surface (like an inclined plane), the surface exerts a normal force perpendicular to it, balancing part of the weight

• Frictional Force: If there is friction between the ball and the surface, friction acts opposite to the direction of motion or impending motion, affecting rolling or sliding

• Aerodynamic Forces (Lift and Drag): When the ball moves through air, it experiences aerodynamic forces. Drag acts opposite to the direction of motion, resisting the ball's movement, while lift acts perpendicular to the motion and can cause curving or changes in trajectory. Lift and drag are components of the overall aerodynamic force

• Contact Forces during Collisions: When the ball bounces or strikes a surface, the surface exerts an upward force greater than the weight momentarily to reverse the ball's motion, as described by Newton’s third law

In summary, the main forces acting on a ball in flight or motion are weight, aerodynamic forces (lift and drag), normal force from surfaces, friction, and contact forces during collisions. The relative magnitude and direction of these forces determine the ball's motion and trajectory