There are different opinions on what the four fundamental elements that make a language are, but some common ones are:

• Alphabet: A set of letters or symbols used to represent the sounds of a language.
• Lexis: The vocabulary of a language, including words and their meanings.
• Syntax: The set of rules that govern how words are combined to form phrases and sentences.
• Semantics: The study of meaning in language, including the meanings of words, phrases, and sentences.

Other elements that are sometimes included are:

• Phonetics: The study of the sounds of a language and how they are produced.
• Morphology: The study of the structure of words and how they are formed from smaller units called morphemes.
• Pragmatics: The study of how context affects the meaning of language.

Its important to note that these elements are not mutually exclusive and can overlap. For example, syntax and morphology are concerned with different aspects of language structure, but they both deal with how words are combined to form larger units.