The Governor of a state has several powers and functions, which are outlined below:

1. Executive Powers: The Governor is the chief-executive head of the state, and the administration of the state is run in their name. They appoint the state’s chief minister and have the power to appoint members to the top positions in the state.

2. Legislative Powers: The Governor can summon and prorogue the sessions of the state legislature and have the authority to extend its session if necessary. They address the first session of the legislative assembly after the general election. Bills cannot become laws unless they are approved and signed by the Governor.

3. Financial Powers: The budget is presented to the legislature in the Governor’s name. No money bill can be presented in the State Legislative Assembly without their prior approval. If there are any unforeseen circumstances, the Governor can make use of the Contingency Fund of the state to meet expenditure. They also constitute a Finance Commission after every 5 years to review the financial position of the Panchayats and the Municipalities.

4. Judicial Powers: The Governor has the power to grant pardons, respites, suspension of punishments, the remit of commute any person convicted of any offence against any law. They appoint, promote, and transfer all subordinate court judges, including judicial magistrates, chief judicial magistrates, and district session judges.

5. Discretionary Powers: The Governor has significant discretionary powers, which means that they can act on certain issues based on their own judgment rather than the advice of the ministerial council.

It is important to note that while the Governor is the nominal head of the state, the real power is vested in the Chief Minister and Council of Ministers. The Governor is appointed by the President for a term of five years and acts as an agent of the Central Government.