Prednisone, a corticosteroid medication, can cause a wide range of side effects that vary in severity depending on the dose and duration of use.
Common Side Effects
- Increased appetite and weight gain
- Mood changes, including irritability, agitation, or extreme mood swings
- Difficulty sleeping (insomnia)
- Headache and dizziness
- Acne and increased sweating
- Thin, fragile skin that bruises easily
- Slow healing of cuts and bruises
- Changes in fat distribution in the body (e.g., round face, neck, trunk)
- Muscle weakness and fatigue
- Heartburn and stomach discomfort
- Increased hair growth
- Irregular or absent menstrual periods
- Decreased sexual desire
Serious Side Effects (Require Immediate Medical Attention)
- Vision problems, eye pain, or redness
- Severe infections (fever, sore throat, chills, cough)
- Seizures or loss of consciousness
- Severe mood disorders including depression, confusion, or psychosis
- Muscle twitching or uncontrollable shaking
- Numbness or tingling in the face, arms, legs, or hands
- Irregular heartbeat or chest pain
- Sudden weight gain or swelling in extremities
- Difficulty breathing or swallowing
- Rash, hives, or severe allergic reactions
Long-Term Side Effects
- Osteoporosis (bone thinning) and increased fracture risk
- High blood pressure
- Stomach ulcers or gastrointestinal bleeding
- Cataracts or glaucoma (eye problems)
- Increased susceptibility to infections
- Changes in growth and development in children
- Fat deposits and muscle wasting
- Elevated blood sugar and risk of diabetes
Additional Notes
- Side effects are dose-dependent; higher doses and long-term use increase risks.
- Children on prednisone require careful monitoring for growth suppression.
- Prednisone should not be stopped abruptly; tapering under medical supervision is necessary to avoid withdrawal effects.
In summary, prednisone's side effects range from mild symptoms like increased appetite and mood changes to severe complications such as infections and vision problems. Patients should report any serious or persistent symptoms to their healthcare provider promptly.
