The steps of the scientific method generally follow this sequence:
- Make an Observation / Ask a Question
Begin by observing a phenomenon or asking a specific, measurable question about something you want to understand or explain
- Do Background Research
Gather existing information and research to understand what is already known and to refine your question or approach
- Formulate a Hypothesis
Propose a testable explanation or prediction based on your observations and research. This hypothesis should be clear and falsifiable
- Design and Conduct an Experiment
Test your hypothesis through controlled experiments that allow you to collect data and observe outcomes
- Analyze Data and Draw Conclusions
Examine the experimental results to see if they support or refute your hypothesis. Summarize findings and consider their significance
- Communicate Results
Share your findings with the scientific community or public through reports, presentations, or publications to contribute to collective knowledge and enable replication
- Repeat / Iterate
Based on conclusions, refine your hypothesis or question and repeat the process to deepen understanding or explore new questions
This process is iterative and flexible; scientists may revisit earlier steps as new observations arise or experiments suggest new questions
. The scientific method is a systematic approach to acquiring knowledge through observation, hypothesis testing, and evidence-based conclusions. In summary, the commonly accepted steps are:
- Observation / Question
- Research
- Hypothesis
- Experiment
- Analysis / Conclusion
- Communication
- Repeat / Iterate
These steps enable rigorous and reproducible scientific inquiry
