Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disease that affects the lungs, pancreas, and other organs. The symptoms of cystic fibrosis can vary depending on the severity of the disease, and even in the same person, symptoms may worsen or improve over time. Some people may not experience symptoms until their teenage years or adulthood, and people who are not diagnosed until adulthood usually have milder disease and are more likely to have atypical symptoms.
The most common symptoms of cystic fibrosis respiratory tract disease are:
- Chronic coughing (dry or coughing up mucus)
- Recurring chest colds
- Wheezing or shortness of breath
- Frequent sinus infections
- Very salty-tasting skin
The thick and sticky mucus associated with cystic fibrosis clogs the tubes that carry air in and out of the lungs, which can cause respiratory symptoms such as a persistent cough that produces thick mucus (sputum), wheezing, and shortness of breath. People with cystic fibrosis may also experience acute exacerbations, which are worsening of their respiratory symptoms, such as coughing with more mucus and shortness of breath, and require treatment with antibiotics. Decreased energy and weight loss are also common during exacerbations.
Digestive system complications are also common in people with cystic fibrosis. The buildup of mucus in the pancreas prevents the release of digestive enzymes that help the body absorb food and key nutrients, resulting in malnutrition and poor growth. Digestive symptoms may include greasy, foul-smelling bowel movements, severe constipation or intestinal blockage, and the inability to gain weight while being constantly hungry. Electrolyte imbalances and dehydration are also possible due to the high level of salt in the sweat of people with cystic fibrosis.
It is important to note that there is a wide range of severity in cystic fibrosis symptoms, and even within the same family, siblings can have different disease severity. If you or a loved one have a family history of cystic fibrosis and experience symptoms such as chronic coughing, recurring chest colds, wheezing, shortness of breath, or digestive symptoms, it is important to consult a healthcare provider and request an evaluation at an accredited cystic fibrosis center.
