Motivation theories are frameworks that explore the forces that drive people to work towards a particular outcome. These theories can help leaders understand the psychology behind human motivation and create an environment where productivity thrives and teams are inspired to do their best work. There are two main categories of motivation theories: need-based theories and process theories.
Need-based theories explain motivated behavior as individuals efforts to meet their needs. These theories suggest that employees try hard and demonstrate goal-driven behavior to satisfy their needs. Some of the most popular need-based theories include:
- Maslows hierarchy of needs
- Alderfers ERG theory
- McClellands achievement motivation theory
- Herzbergs two-factor theory
Process theories describe how motivation occurs and how our motives change over time. These theories explain how peoples thoughts, perceptions, and beliefs influence their motives. Some of the most popular process theories include:
- Skinners reinforcement theory
- Victor Vrooms expectancy theory
- Adams equity theory
- Lockes goal-setting theory
There are also a large number of cognitive theories that relate to motivation and explain how our way of thinking and perceiving ourselves and the world around us can influence our motives. From self-concept, dissonance, and mindset to values, orientation, and perceived control, these theories explain how our preference toward certain mental constructs can increase or impair our ability to take goal-directed action.
Motivation theory is a vast field of study, and its important to understand the different theories to create a productive work environment. By understanding what motivates employees, managers can create a work environment that fosters productivity and job satisfaction.
