Southern Africa hosts a variety of biomes, reflecting its diverse climates and landscapes. The widely recognized biomes in this region include:
- Savanna (also called Bushveld): A warm, fire-prone grassland with scattered trees and shrubs. It covers a large portion of southern Africa and hosts iconic wildlife.
- Grassland: Open grass-dominated systems, often on highveld plateaus, with seasonal frosts and fires shaping the vegetation.
- Desert (including parts of the Karoo): Dry, arid to semi-arid regions with sparse vegetation; includes hot days and cold nights, with limited rainfall.
- Nama Karoo: A semi-desert landscape characterized by scrubby shrubs and grasses, found mainly on the central plateau.
- Succulent Karoo: A narrow, semi-arid zone along the west coast with high succulent plant diversity and winter rainfall patterns.
- Fynbos: A Mediterranean-type shrubland in the Western Cape, renowned for its incredible plant diversity and endemism.
- Forest: Patchy, mainly along mist belts and high-rainfall areas, with closed canopies and multi-layered vegetation; relatively limited in extent in southern Africa.
- Thicket (Albany Thicket and related complexes): Dense, woody shrubs and small trees forming a thick, impenetrable scrub in some eastern regions.
- Deserts and semi-deserts can transition into coastal and dune systems in some southern African areas, contributing to local biotic communities.
Notes:
- The exact demarcation and naming of biomes can vary by source, but the nine–biome framework commonly cited for South Africa and southern Africa includes: Desert, Forest, Fynbos, Grassland, Nama-Karoo, Savanna, Succulent Karoo, and sometimes Thicket and other coastal or dune-associated systems depending on the classification scheme.
- If you’d like, I can tailor this to a specific country (e.g., South Africa, Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe) or provide a concise map-style overview with climate and characteristic flora and fauna for each biome.
