Pregnant women can generally take paracetamol (acetaminophen) for mild to moderate pain relief, as it is considered the safest pain medication during pregnancy when taken at the lowest effective dose and for the shortest duration. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen might be used in the first trimester if needed but are generally avoided after 20 weeks of pregnancy due to risks to the fetus. Opioids may be considered for more severe pain but only under medical supervision because of potential risks to the baby.

Safe Pain Relief Options

• Paracetamol (Acetaminophen): Recommended as the first choice for pain and fever during all trimesters of pregnancy when used as directed. It does not have strong evidence linking it to birth defects and is widely regarded as safe if not used excessively.

• NSAIDs (e.g., Ibuprofen): May be used cautiously during the first and early second trimester for inflammatory pain but should be avoided after 20 weeks and definitely not used beyond 28-30 weeks due to risks like fetal kidney problems, premature closure of ducts, and bleeding risks.

• Opioids: Weak opioids like codeine may be used with paracetamol for moderate pain only if necessary. Strong opioids are reserved for severe pain and used carefully due to possible neonatal withdrawal symptoms.

Non-Drug Pain Management

Non-medication options are also often recommended, including relaxation techniques, gentle exercise, physiotherapy, acupuncture, heat/cold packs, and pain management programs.

Pregnant women should always consult their healthcare provider before taking any pain medication to ensure safety for both mother and baby, especially regarding dose and duration.

In summary, paracetamol is the mainstay for safe pain relief in pregnancy, NSAIDs have limited use early in pregnancy, and opioids are a last resort under specialist care.