Pre-colonial Philippine literature was primarily oral and deeply rooted in the daily lives, culture, and beliefs of the people. It was characterized by various forms such as chants, proverbs, riddles, folk tales, epics, songs, and legends, which were passed down through generations by word of mouth
. Nature and Characteristics:
- Oral Tradition: Pre-colonial literature was not written but orally transmitted, often performed in poetic or song-like forms. This oral nature meant the literature was fluid and could change over time
- Community-Centered: The themes reflected the common experiences of the community, including food gathering, nature, work, family life, and social relationships. The language used was that of daily life, making it accessible to the community members
- Varied Literary Forms: These included epics (long heroic poems like Biag ni Lam-ang and Hudhud ni Aliguyon), myths explaining creation and natural phenomena, legends, fables, proverbs, riddles, songs, and dances. Each ethnic group had its own rich repertoire of oral literature
- Cultural and Spiritual Significance: Many stories and epics conveyed traditional beliefs, explained natural phenomena, and preserved the community’s worldview and values. They also had didactic purposes, teaching lessons about life, morality, and social conduct
- Musical and Poetic Elements: Pre-colonial literature often had rhythmic patterns, rhyme schemes, and was performed with musical accompaniment. Songs and chants expressed hopes, aspirations, and emotions of the people
- Influences and Connections: The literature reflected a culture linked with other Southeast Asian peoples, showing traces of Indian, Arabic, and possibly Chinese influences, which shaped its themes and forms
In summary, pre-colonial Philippine literature was a vibrant oral tradition that encapsulated the life, culture, spirituality, and environment of early Filipinos, serving as a foundation for Filipino identity before Spanish colonization
