The conflict between Israel and Palestine has a long and complex history. The roots of the conflict date back to the end of the nineteenth century when both Jews and Palestinian Arabs claimed the land of Palestine as their ancestral home. In 1947, the United Nations adopted Resolution 181, known as the Partition Plan, which sought to divide the British Mandate of Palestine into Arab and Jewish states. On May 14, 1948, the State of Israel was created, sparking the first Arab-Israeli War. The war ended in 1949 with Israels victory, but 750,000 Palestinians were displaced, and the territory was divided into three parts. Over the following years, tensions rose in the region, particularly between Israel and Egypt, Jordan, and Syria. In 1967, Israel launched what it said was a pre-emptive defensive war against Jordan, Egypt, and Syria, as they appeared to be preparing to invade. The attack caught Arab governments by surprise and saw Israel achieve rapid victories, including seizing the Sinai peninsula and the Gaza Strip from Egypt, the Golan Heights from Syria, and the West Bank and East Jerusalem from Jordan.

The current conflict between Israel and Hamas, the Palestinian militant group that controls the Gaza Strip, began in early October 2023. The reasons behind the war are complex, but it is rooted in the ongoing conflict between Israel and Palestine. Hamas has been firing rockets into Israel, and Israel has responded with airstrikes and a ground invasion of Gaza. The situation is complicated by issues such as the status of Jerusalem, Israeli settlements in the West Bank, and the rights of Palestinian refugees.