Kidney stones are hard deposits made of minerals and salts that form inside the kidneys. They can affect any part of the urinary tract, from the kidneys to the bladder. The following are some of the possible causes of kidney stones:

• Diet: Consuming foods that are high in calcium, oxalate, and uric acid can increase the risk of developing kidney stones. Foods that are high in purines, such as organ meats and shellfish, can also lead to the formation of uric acid stones.

• Dehydration: Not drinking enough fluids can cause the urine to become concentrated, which can lead to the formation of kidney stones.

• Medical conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as cystinuria, hyperparathyroidism, and renal tubular acidosis, can increase the risk of developing kidney stones.

• Family history: If someone in your family has had kidney stones, you are more likely to develop them as well.

• Obesity: Being overweight or obese can increase the risk of developing kidney stones.

• Medications and supplements: Certain medications and supplements, such as diuretics and calcium-based antacids, can increase the risk of developing kidney stones.

Kidney stones can cause severe pain in the lower back, blood in the urine, nausea, vomiting, fever, and chills. If you experience any of these symptoms, it is important to see a healthcare professional right away. Drinking plenty of fluids, reducing salt intake, and avoiding foods that are high in oxalate and purines can help prevent the formation of kidney stones.