Stillbirth can have several possible causes, and in many cases the exact cause remains unknown even after testing. Based on reputable sources, the most commonly identified factors fall into a few key categories:

• Placental problems
  • Insufficient blood flow or placental insufficiency
  • Placental abruption (placenta detaches from the uterus before birth)
  • Other placental abnormalities affecting oxygen and nutrient delivery
• Fetal or congenital conditions
  • Genetic abnormalities or chromosomal disorders
  • Developmental defects or anomalies in the fetus
• Infections
  • Maternal, placental, or fetal infections (examples include certain bacteria)
• Umbilical cord problems
  • Knots, compression, prolapse, or other cord complications that reduce oxygen supply
• Maternal health conditions
  • Chronic hypertension or preeclampsia
  • Diabetes or other significant medical problems in the mother
• Other pregnancy-related factors
  • Multiple pregnancies (twins, triplets) with higher risk
  • Preterm labor and related complications

Important notes:

• In a substantial number of cases, no specific cause is found even after thorough evaluation.
• The relative contribution of each category can vary by individual pregnancy and gestational age at stillbirth.

If you or someone you know is dealing with this topic, it is important to consult obstetric care providers who can offer personalized information, testing options, and support. If you’d like, I can summarize guidance from specific organizations or help you compare what different sources say about causes and testing.