Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common infections that affect the bladder, kidneys, and the tubes connected to them. UTIs occur when bacteria, often from the skin or rectum, enter the urethra and infect the urinary tract. In most cases, bacteria from the gut enter the urinary tract through the urethra, which may happen when wiping your bottom or having sex. The most common cause of UTIs is bacteria, especially E. coli. Women are at greater risk of developing a UTI than men because their urethra is shorter than a mans, allowing bacteria better access to the bladder. Also, the urethral opening is close to sources of bacteria from the anus and vagina, making it easier for bacteria around the anus to enter the urethra and travel to the bladder. Other factors that can increase the risk of UTIs include:

• A previous UTI
• Sexual activity
• Changes in the bacteria that live inside the vagina, or vaginal flora. For example, menopause or the use of spermicides can cause these bacterial changes.
• Pregnancy
• Age (older adults and young children are more likely to get UTIs)
• Structural problems in the urinary tract, such as an enlarged prostate
• Poor hygiene, for example, in children who are potty-training

Its important to note that having bacteria in the bladder does not always mean there is an infection. Like the bowel, the bladder has bacteria and other microorganisms that help to keep it healthy and functioning properly. If you suspect you have a UTI, its important to see a healthcare provider who can prescribe antibiotics to treat the infection, and your symptoms should go away in a few days. Follow your provider’s instructions and take your full course of antibiotics.