Alopecia in children refers to hair loss in children aged 12 years and younger, and it can be caused by a variety of conditions. Some of the common causes of pediatric alopecia include:

• Tinea capitis: a fungal infection that causes hair loss in patches on the scalp.

• Alopecia areata: a non-contagious hair loss condition thought to be caused by the childs own immune system attacking their hair follicles.

• Trauma due to traction alopecia or trichotillomania: hair loss due to pulling or plucking of hair, often caused by anxiety.

• Telogen effluvium: hair loss caused by severe illness or other stressful events.

• Scarring alopecia: a condition where hair follicles are destroyed and replaced with scar tissue, leading to permanent hair loss.

To diagnose the cause of alopecia, a doctor will examine the childs scalp for visible symptoms and may perform additional tests if necessary. Treatment options depend on the type of condition for which the child has been diagnosed. For example, if the cause is tinea capitis, the doctor may prescribe an oral antifungal medication and an antifungal shampoo. For alopecia areata, there is no cure, but treatment can often control the disorder. Some treatment options include topical steroids, injections of steroids, topical minoxidil (Rogaine), topical irritants and immunotherapy, or pills that turn down the immune system. The general management of alopecia in children includes managing the underlying cause, providing support and reassurance for the child and parents, camouflage and other cosmetic measures, and psychological support.