Bleeding after intercourse, also known as postcoital bleeding, can be caused by various factors. Here are some of the most common causes of bleeding after sex:

• Cervical inflammation or cervicitis: This can be ongoing and harmless, or it can be caused by a sexually transmitted infection (STI) that needs to be treated, such as chlamydia or gonorrhea.

• Cervical polyps: These are usually small growths that appear on the opening of the cervix. They are usually not cancerous and can be removed by a doctor during an appointment.

• Vaginal dryness: This can be caused by reduced vaginal secretions after menopause or by not enough lubrication during sex. Constant friction during sex can cause vaginal wall tissue to break open, leading to bleeding.

• Infection: Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) or an STI such as chlamydia can cause bleeding after sex.

• Cervical or endometrial polyps: These are benign or non-cancerous growths in the womb or the lining of the cervix.

• Cervical ectropion: This is an inflamed area on the surface of the cervix.

• Cervical or vaginal cancer: In rare instances, bleeding after sex can be a sign of cervical or vaginal cancer.

While bleeding after sex is usually not a cause for concern, it can sometimes signal larger issues, especially if it happens consistently. If you experience vaginal bleeding after sex, it is recommended to seek advice from a GP or a sexual health clinic (genitourinary or GUM clinic) .