Blue balls, medically known as epididymal hypertension, is a temporary, usually harmless discomfort that can occur when sexual arousal is prolonged without ejaculation. Key points:

• Cause: Increased blood flow to the penis and testicles during arousal; if ejaculation doesn’t occur, the outflow of blood can be slowed, leading to a sensation of pressure or heaviness and some pain or discomfort. The body often returns to baseline after ejaculation or once arousal subsides. It is not caused by a buildup of sperm. [Source-based context: general medical explanations commonly cited in health resources]
• When it’s not the same thing: Painful swelling with redness, warmth, or sudden severe testicular pain could suggest other conditions such as epididymitis, torsion, or infection and should be evaluated by a clinician promptly. If other symptoms are present (fever, spreading pain, blood in urine or semen), seek medical advice. [Clinical guidance from reputable health sources]
• Common triggers: Prolonged arousal, edging, or sexual activity without reaching orgasm can increase the likelihood of blue balls. It is more commonly discussed in adolescence and among individuals who experience longer periods of arousal without ejaculation. [Clinical discussions and patient education materials]
• Relief methods:
  • Ejaculation or engaging in sexual activity to achieve release, if appropriate and comfortable.
  • Gentle relief by stopping arousal and allowing the body to return to baseline.
  • Distraction or light physical activity can help, though evidence for these is more anecdotal.
  • A cold shower or a short period of rest may help some individuals feel relief, though not medically necessary.
  • If pain is persistent, severe, or accompanied by other concerning symptoms, consult a healthcare professional. [Common self-care guidance found in health articles and patient education material]

If you’d like, I can tailor this to a particular age group, context (e.g., teens, adults), or provide a quick FAQ-style clarification with common myths and symptoms to watch for.