Carpal tunnel syndrome is primarily caused by increased pressure on the median nerve inside the carpal tunnel of the wrist, resulting from a combination of anatomical, occupational, medical, and lifestyle factors.

Physical and Occupational Causes

• Repetitive movements and overuse of the wrist and hand, especially activities involving bending, gripping, or using vibrating tools, elevate the risk of median nerve compression.

• Trauma such as wrist fractures or sprains can reduce carpal tunnel space and provoke swelling, further compressing the nerve.

Medical Conditions

• Several conditions contribute to swelling or pressure in the wrist, such as diabetes, hypothyroidism, rheumatoid arthritis, and other forms of inflammation or arthritis.

• Hormonal changes tied to pregnancy or menopause lead to fluid retention and swelling, often causing CTS symptoms.

• Being overweight or obese is a significant risk factor, increasing internal pressure in the carpal tunnel.

• Rarely, cysts or tumors inside the wrist may obstruct the carpal tunnel space.

Genetic and Anatomical Factors

• Some individuals have a genetically narrower carpal tunnel or other anatomical differences, which predispose them to develop carpal tunnel syndrome.

Summary Table: Major Causes of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Category| Examples
---|---
Physical/Occupational| Repetitive wrist motion10, vibrating tools28, injuries4
Medical Conditions| Diabetes3610, hypothyroidism6, arthritis356, pregnancy689
Anatomical/Genetic| Narrow carpal tunnel354, family history8
Other| Obesity489, cysts/tumors210, fluid retention69

Carpal tunnel syndrome is often the result of cumulative factors, so both medical management and lifestyle adjustments may help reduce symptoms or lower risks.