Cervical cancer is strongly linked to the human papillomavirus (HPV), a common virus that spreads through skin-to-skin contact, particularly during sexual activity. However, HPV is not the only cause of cervical cancer. Other factors that may increase the risk of developing cervical cancer include:

• Smoking: Smoking increases the risk of cervical cancer and makes it harder to treat abnormal cells in the cervix.

• Weakened immune system: Women who have immune system deficiencies may be more at risk of developing an HPV infection and cervical cancer.

• Age: Cervical cancer mostly affects women under the age of 45.

• Other sexually transmitted infections: The risk of cervical cancer may be increased in women who have a sexually transmitted infection (STI) alongside HPV.

It is important to note that most women with HPV do not get cervical cancer, and other risk factors, like smoking and HIV infection, influence which women exposed to HPV are more likely to develop cervical cancer. Practicing safe sex, getting vaccinated against HPV, and undergoing regular cervical screening are the best ways to protect oneself from cervical cancer.